Electrospinning is currently the sole technique capable of fabricating continuous fibers with diameters as small as a few nanometers. This versatile method is applicable to synthetic and natural polymers, polymer alloys, and polymers embedded with chromophores, nanoparticles, or active agents, as well as metals and ceramics. Advanced electrospinning techniques enable the production of fibers with complex architectures, such as core-shell or hollow fibers. Additionally, it allows for the creation of structures ranging from single fibers to ordered fiber arrangements.

The applications of electrospinning are extensive and growing, with significant implications for both research and industry. In the realm of optoelectronics, electrospun fibers are being used to create advanced light-emitting devices and photovoltaic cells. In sensor technology, these fibers offer high sensitivity and specificity, making them ideal for developing novel sensing platforms. The catalytic properties of electrospun fibers are leveraged in catalysis, where they provide high surface area and efficient reaction kinetics.

In the field of filtration, electrospun membranes are utilized for their exceptional ability to capture fine particles, contributing to cleaner air and water. In medicine, electrospinning has paved the way for breakthroughs in tissue engineering, drug delivery, and wound healing. The capability to produce biocompatible and biodegradable fibers has revolutionized medical textiles and scaffolds for cell growth and tissue regeneration.

Moreover, the scalability of electrospinning processes is improving, making it a viable option for large-scale production. This scalability, coupled with continuous innovation, ensures that electrospinning will remain at the forefront of materials science and engineering, driving advancements across multiple disciplines.

Electrospinning’s integration into industrial processes underscores its practical significance. Companies are increasingly adopting this technology to develop high-performance materials and products, pushing the boundaries of what is achievable with nanofiber technology. As research progresses and new techniques are developed, the potential applications of electrospinning will continue to expand, further solidifying its role as a cornerstone of modern material fabrication.